Prototype ATLAS IBL Modules using the FE-I4A Front-End Readout Chip

The ATLAS Collaboration will upgrade its semiconductor pixel tracking detector with a new Insertable B-layer (IBL) between the existing pixel detector and the vacuum pipe of the Large Hadron Collider. The extreme operating conditions at this location have necessitated the development of new radiation hard pixel sensor technologies and a new front-end readout chip, called the FE-I4. Planar pixel sensors and 3D pixel sensors have been investigated to equip this new pixel layer, and prototype modules using the FE-I4A have been fabricated and characterized using 120 GeV pions at the CERN SPS and 4 GeV positrons at DESY, before and after module irradiation. Beam test results are presented, including charge collection efficiency, tracking efficiency and charge sharing.Comment: 45 pages, 30 figures, submitted to JINS

РЕАКТОРНЫЕ И ПОСЛЕРЕАКТОРНЫЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НА БЫСТРЫХ КРИТИЧЕСКИХ СБОРКАХ ВЫСОКОПЛОТНОГО НИЗКООБОГАЩЕННОГО УРАН-ЦИРКОНИЕВОГО КАРБОНИТРИДНОГО ТОПЛИВА

UZrCN fuel is a high-density, high-temperature fuel that has potential for application in different type reactors. In the past, reactor tests using UZrCN HEU (96% U-235) fuel have been performed to low burnup. However, reactor-testing data are still needed at high burnup to confirm the optimal performance of this-type fuel. The SM-3 research reactor, which is a high-flux reactor located at the State Scientific Center – Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, Dimitrovgrad, Russia, will be used to test a UZrCN LEU (19.73% U-235) fuel to ~40% of burnup. The fuel will then be examined to determine its performance during irradiation.On the “Giacint” and “Kristal” critical facilities located at the Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research – SOSNY of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus, criticality experiments on multiplying systems modeling physical features of cores with UZrCN LEU (19.75% U-235) fuel have been prepared for use in works on fast reactors with gaseous and liquid-metal coolants. Critical assemblies represent uniform hexagonal lattices of fuel assemblies, each of which consists of 7 fuel rods and has no clad. The active fuel length is 500 mm. Clad material is stainless steel or Nb. Three types of fuel assemblies with different matrix material (air, aluminum and lead) are investigated. These are side radial, top and bottom reflectors – beryllium (internal layer) and stainless steel (external layer).This article desribes the design of the experiment that will be performed in the SM-3 reactor and discusses the results of different calculations that have been performed to show that the experiment design will meet all objectives. The description of construction and composition of critical assemblies with UZrCN fuel and the calculation results are also presented. Топливо UZrCN представляет собой высокоплотное высокотемпературное топливо, которое может применяться в реакторах различных типов. В прошлом реакторные испытания ВОУ (96% U-235) UzrCN-топлива были выполнены только с низким выгоранием. Вместе с тем данные реакторных испытаний необходимы при высоком выгорании для подтверждения оптимальных характеристик этого типа топлива. Высокопоточный исследовательский реактор СМ-3, расположенный в Государственном научном центре – Научно-исследовательский институт атомных реакторов (г. Димитровград, Россия), будет использоваться для испытания НОУ (19,73% U-235) UzrCN-топлива до ~40 % выгорания. Затем топливо будет исследоваться для определения его характеристик после облучения.На критических стендах «Гиацинт» и «Кристал» в Объединенном институте энергетических и ядерных исследований – Сосны Национальной академии наук Беларуси (г. Минск, Беларусь) осуществляется подготовка к экспериментам по критичности на размножающих системах, моделирующих физические особенности активных зон с НОУ (19,75% U-235) UzrCN-топливом для использования в работах по новому поколению быстрых реакторов с газообразными и жидкометаллическими теплоносителями. Критические сборки представляют собой однородные гексагональные решетки топливных сборок, каждая из которых состоит из семи топливных стержней и не имеет оболочки. Длина активной части топливного стержня составляет 500 мм. Материал оболочки – нержавеющая сталь или ниобий. Будут исследованы три типа топливных сборок с различным материалом матрицы в них (воздух, алюминий и свинец). Боковой радиальный, верхние и нижние отражатели – бериллий (внутренний слой) и нержавеющая сталь (внешний слой).В настоящей статье описываются проектные данные эксперимента, который будет осуществлен на реакторе СМ-3, и обсуждаются результаты расчетов, призванные показать, что эксперимент будет отвечать всем поставленным целям. Также представлены описания конструкции и состава критических сборок с топливом UZrCN и результаты их расчетов.

Production and integration of the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer

During the shutdown of the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2013-2014, an additional pixel layer was installed between the existing Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment and a new, smaller radius beam pipe. The motivation for this new pixel layer, the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), was to maintain or improve the robustness and performance of the ATLAS tracking system, given the higher instantaneous and integrated luminosities realised following the shutdown. Because of the extreme radiation and collision rate environment, several new radiation-tolerant sensor and electronic technologies were utilised for this layer. This paper reports on the IBL construction and integration prior to its operation in the ATLAS detector

Production and Integration of the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer

During the shutdown of the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2013-2014, an additional pixel layer was installed between the existing Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment and a new, smaller radius beam pipe. The motivation for this new pixel layer, the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), was to maintain or improve the robustness and performance of the ATLAS tracking system, given the higher instantaneous and integrated luminosities realised following the shutdown. Because of the extreme radiation and collision rate environment, several new radiation-tolerant sensor and electronic technologies were utilised for this layer. This paper reports on the IBL construction and integration prior to its operation in the ATLAS detector

Production and integration of the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer

During the shutdown of the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2013-2014, an additional pixel layer was installed between the existing Pixel detector of the ATLAS experiment and a new, smaller radius beam pipe. The motivation for this new pixel layer, the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), was to maintain or improve the robustness and performance of the ATLAS tracking system, given the higher instantaneous and integrated luminosities realised following the shutdown. Because of the extreme radiation and collision rate environment, several new radiation-tolerant sensor and electronic technologies were utilised for this layer. This paper reports on the IBL construction and integration prior to its operation in the ATLAS detector.Comment: 90 pages in total. Author list: ATLAS IBL Collaboration, starting page 2. 69 figures, 20 tables. Published in Journal of Instrumentation. All figures available at: https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PLOTS/PIX-2018-00